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Blog

Kwanini Tulalamike? NHIF inaweza Kuendelea Kuwepo?

  • Posted by Amani Hamisi
  • Categories Blog, Economics>Plannings, Op-ed, updates
  • Date September 12, 2022
  • Comments 1 comment

Siku ya Jumatatu Tarehe 29 August, Waziri wa afya wa Tanzania Ummy Mwalimu alikutana na waaandishi wa Habari kuelezea hali ya Mfuko wa Taifa wa Bima ya Afya (NHIF). Katika kile alichokizungumza, inaonekana hali ya mfuko huo hasa kiuchumi ni mbaya na sababu ni nyingi sana mbali na malalamiko ya Waziri juu ya gharama za uendeshaji na matibabu kwa magonjwa yasiyo ya kuambukiza kama Kisukari, Ini, kansa na Moyo kuwa mzigo mkubwa kwa mfuko.

Kwa mfano, alitaja kuwa kiasi cha pesa kilichotumika kugharamia matibabu ya kansa kiliongezeka mpaka kufikia shilingi bilioni 22.5 kati ya mwaka 2020 na 2022 kutoka shilingi bilioni 9 kati ya mwaka 2015/16. Kulingana na Waziri Ummy kiasi kinachokusanywa ni kidogo ukilinganisha na gharama za matibabu mfuko unaoingia.

Zaidi ya hayo, alisema kuwa nchi ilikuwa na wagonjwa 380 wa figo mwaka 2014-16 ukilinganisha na wagonjwa 2,099 kati ya 2021/22. Sasa pengine zipi sababu nyingine zilichongia yote haya?

Kuna hili la Rushwa na Utapeli. Kumekuwepo na taarifa za udanganyifu kwa baadhi ya watumishi wa NHIF na vituo vya afya vya umma ambao wamekuwa wakijipatia pesa kiharamu kupitia mianya iliyopo katika mifumo ya NHIF. Hii inasababishwa na kutokuwepo na mifumo ya imara ya kudhibiti kadi za bima kwani wakati mwingine kadi moja hutumika kuonesha kuwa imetumika na zaidi ya watu wawili wa aina tofauti, si jambo la kukataa kuwa wananchi nao wanaingia katika hii kashfa. Zaidi kuna wakati daktari wa umma hushawishi wagonjwa kuwatibu katika hospitali anayoimiliki (binafsi) hivyo gharama kuongezeka.

Matumizi mabaya ya pesa za mfuko nayo ni janga lingine. NHIF inategemea sana wachangiaji kupata pesa za kujiendesha na kupeleka huduma kwa jamii ambayo changamoto ni kama zilivyoelezwa na Waziri, Jamii inakosa huduma bora. Gharama kubwa za mishahara na marupurupu ni tatizo hapa.  Kuna watendaji na watumishi wa NHIF wanaodaiwa kukupeshwa na mfuko pasi na riba ambayo Mfuko ungejiongezea mapato na zaidi wamekuwa hawarudishi pesa hizo kwa wakati.

Jambo lingine linalorudisha nyuma NHIF ni kitendo cha Serikali kukopa fedha nyingi kutoka kwenye mfuko huu pasina kuzirudisha. Matokeo yake ni shida ya mzigo ambao unawarudia wanachama wa mfuko huu. Kulingana na ripoti ya mdhibiti na mkaguzi mkuu wa hesabu za serikali (CAG) ya mwaka 2020/2021, serikali inadaiwa shilingi bilioni 80.66 zilizotolewa kwa taasisi tatu za Serikali ambazo hazijalipwa. Aidha ripoti hiyo ilieleza kutokuwepo kwa mkataba uliotiwa saini kwa ajili ya mkopo wenye thamani ya shilingi bilioni 129.04 uliotolewa kuanzia mwaka wa fedha 2010/11 hadi 2020/21 kwa ajili ya kugharamia ujenzi wa Hospitali ya Benjamin Mkapa na ununuzi wa vifaatiba vya hospitali hiyo. Hii inahatarisha utendaji kazi wa mfuko

Pia serikali imekuwa haiwajibiki vya kutosha katika kuhimiza wizara na taasisi zake kupeleka michango yao kwenye mfuko. Sheria ya Mfuko wa Taifa wa Bima ya Afya ya Mwaka 1999 (marekebisho ya mwaka 2015) Kifungu cha 9 inaelekeza taasisi za umma na binafsi (waajiriwa) kupeleka michango yake kwenye mfuko hata hivyo baadhi ya taasisi na wizara zimekuwa zikikiuka sheria hii. Ripoti ya CAG ya mwaka 2020/21 inaonesha kuwa asilimia 76 (bilioni 8.76) ya deni la michango inayoelekezwa kwenye mfuko huo zinadaiwa kutoka kwa mashirika ya umma na wizara

Nini Kifanyike?

Serikali iwajibike ili kuleta nafuu kwenye mfuko wa NHIF. Ijitahidi kurejesha kwa wakati mikopo iliyochukua NHIF ama isichukue kabisa mkopo kwani kufanya hivi kunadidimiza mfuko na kusababisha ufanisi mbovu katika kutoa huduma kwa wananchi. Serikali ijikite kupata pesa kutoka kwenye vyanzo vingine vya pesa ili kuanzisha na kukamilisha miradi ya kimaendeleo

Lakini pia waajiri binafsi na wa umma wawajibike kurejesha michango yao kwenye mfuko kwa wakati. Sheria zaidi zitungwe ili kuwalazimisha kufanya hivyo na zaidi Ripoti juu ya matumizi ya NHIF isitegemee kipindi alichotengewa CAG kufanya hivyo tu, iwe inatolewa mara kwa mara angalau mara nne kwa mwaka. Hili litazidisha umakini katika kufuatilia fedha za mfuko.

Kuangaliwa njia nyingine za uingizaji mapato kwenye mfuko na kupunguza matumizi. Tusitegemee tu michango ya wanachama wengine wa mfuko. Tuwekeze kwenye mambo mbalimbali kama vile hatifungani kama zile za kijamii (social impact bonds), majanga na maendeleo(PPP). Kuhakikisha mikopo inayolipwa kwa watumishi wake na vituo vya huduma za afya inarudishwa kwa wakati.

Jambo lingine ni NHIF kutanua wigo wa wahitaji. Kwa mfano, mtu mmojamoja anaweza kupata bima binafsi na kwa wale walio tayari kulipia watu wengine wapewe vifurushi vya juu vya malipo ambayo ni ya juu kidogo. Wakati mwingine familia yenye idadi kubwa ya watu hujikuta ikitumia gharama kubwa kwa wakati mmoja ukilinganisha na kifurushi inachokimiliki

Hata hivyo, kuna haja ya watu wakahimizwa kutumia kampuni binafsi za utoaji bima katika mazingira na utaraibu ambao hautamuumiza mwananchi wa kawaida. Katika hili mwananchi awe na chaguo la kupatiwa bima za shirika binafsi au serikali ili hata daraja upande wa umma likivunjika basi wabakie wale watakoweza kuwaokoa na kuwanyanyua wenzao

Mwisho kabisa, kwa kuwa lawama wametupiwa wananchi juu ya kuwa chanzo cha mangonjwa yasiyo ya kuambukiza, elimu ya afya juu ya magonjwa haya izidi kutolewa ikijumuisha kubadilisha mtindo wa Maisha kuwa ule wenye kujenga afya ya mwananchi kama ulaji mzuri na kufanya mazoezi. Pia kuongezwe zoezi la upimaji wa mapema wa afya za wananchi ili kugundua magonjwa haya ili kupunguza gharama za kuyatibu

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Amani Hamisi

Expert in communication, media and writing.
Internews-Tanzania fellowship

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    1 Comment

  1. George Richard
    September 17, 2022
    Reply

    vijana wa umri wentu ni mmoja kati ya 20 wenye uwezi wa kuandika andiko zuri kama hili…genius!🙌🙌

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